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Sulfuric acid, also known as hydrogen sulfate, was previously referred to as oil of vitriol. It is a mineral acid and a very strong acid that dissolves in water in any proportion. This acid has polar molecules that can form hydrogen bonds with each other. Sulfuric acid is a highly viscous (highly thick) liquid with a high boiling point. It has a strong affinity for water and releases intense heat when reacting with it. Adding water to concentrated sulfuric acid is highly dangerous because the heat generated by the acid-water reaction can cause the water to disperse. This is because water, due to its lower density, tends to float on top of the acid.

A Look at the Global Market for Sulfuric Acid
Sulfuric acid 98% is one of the most common acid substances in the global market. This mineral acid is also known as "oleum." Standard packaging and corrosion-resistant polymer tanks are used for the purchase, sale, transportation, and storage of sulfuric acid. Sulfuric acid, as the most widely used mineral acid, covers all industrial sectors. This substance has been highly welcomed in the global market. Sulfuric acid is considered one of the top mineral acids, alongside phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid.
The top exporting countries of sulfuric acid are South Korea with a share of approximately $102 million, Canada with approximately $98 million, Zambia with approximately $73 million, Germany with approximately $59 million, and Japan with approximately $52 million.

The countries importing sulfuric acid include:
- United States of America with an export share of around $132 million.
- Chile with an export share of approximately $83 million.
- Democratic Republic of Congo with an export share of about $81 million.
- Indonesia with an export share of around $54 million.
- Philippines with an export share of approximately $40 million.

The largest share of buying and selling sulfuric acid in the global market in terms of exports and imports is provided by these countries.

Applications of sulfuric acid in the chemical industry:
Sulfuric acid has various applications in the chemical industry, including:

1. Production of chemical substances:
Industrial sulfuric acid is a vital chemical compound used in the production of many chemicals, including hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and more.

2. Purification of metals:
The primary application of sulfuric acid is in separating metals from their mineral ores. Metals, when extracted, are usually in the form of metal ores and contain various impurities. Sulfuric acid is used to separate these impurities from the metals and concentrate the extracted metals.

3. Metal descaling:
Both sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are used to remove impurities from metals. Hydrochloric acid is more effective in this regard, but sulfuric acid is more cost-effective. Therefore, sulfuric acid is generally preferred over hydrochloric acid due to its affordability.

Translation of the text in English:

The countries importing sulfuric acid include: the United States of America with an export share of $132 million, Chile with approximately $83 million, the Democratic Republic of Congo with an export share of about $81 million, Indonesia with around $54 million, and the Philippines with approximately $40 million. The majority of the sulfuric acid buying and selling share in the global market is provided by these countries.

Applications of sulfuric acid in the chemical industry:
Sulfuric acid has the following applications:
1. Production of chemical substances:
Industrial sulfuric acid is a highly important chemical compound in the industry, used in the production of various chemicals such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and more.
2. Purification of metals:
The primary application of sulfuric acid is in separating metals from their mineral ores. Metals are extracted in the form of metal ores and contain numerous impurities. Sulfuric acid is used to separate these impurities from the metals and concentrate the extracted metals.
3. Metal descaling:
Both sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid are used to remove impurities from metals. Hydrochloric acid is more effective, but sulfuric acid is more cost-effective. Therefore, sulfuric acid is generally preferred over hydrochloric acid due to its affordability.

4. Application of Sulfuric Acid in the Production of Artificial Silk:
As you may know, natural silk fabric is very expensive, and using natural silk in all clothing items is almost impossible due to its high price. Artificial silk is a fabric with properties similar to natural silk, and it is made using sulfuric acid. Artificial silk fabric is made from cellulose derived from wood. The cellulose fibers are dissolved in a solution of cuprammonium hydroxide, and the resulting liquid is combined with industrial sulfuric acid to create artificial silk fibers. Artificial silk has a soft and delicate texture but does not possess the natural silk's thermal insulation properties.

5. Application of Sulfuric Acid in the Production of Lead-Acid Batteries:
Sulfuric acid is widely used in the production of automotive batteries. It is first diluted and then used as an electrolyte in the battery's operation.

6. Application of Sulfuric Acid in Agriculture:
One of the applications of sulfuric acid in agriculture is assisting in potato harvesting. During the process of potato harvesting, the potato stems can be problematic for specialized machinery. Therefore, before starting the harvesting, farmers use sulfuric acid to desiccate the potato stems.

7. Application of Sulfuric Acid in the Production of Pharmaceutical Drugs:
Cancer is a dangerous disease, and drugs for this disease play a vital role in the treatment of cancer patients. Sulfuric acid has a significant role in the production of chemotherapy drugs used for cancer treatment.