Acids have a pH value of less than 7 in a linear range. An acid is a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (+H) and forming a covalent bond with a pair of electrons. Being acidic often means having a higher concentration of positive hydrogen ions.
Acids have corrosive properties. They are also used for color change indicators and neutralizing bases. If an acid has more than one acidic hydrogen and they sequentially dissociate, it is a polyprotic acid. If it has one acidic hydrogen, it is a monoprotic acid.
Types of Acids Based on Strength
Acids are classified into two categories, strong acids and weak acids, based on the protons they donate to an aqueous solution. The strength of an acid is determined by its acid dissociation constant.
Strong Acid
A strong acid is an acid that, when dissolved in a solvent, completely donates its protons to the solvent and essentially fully dissociates. This means it drives the equilibrium to the right in a reaction. These acids have a large Ka or high acid dissociation constant. Strong acids ionize completely in water and produce hydronium ions (H3O+).
Weak Acid
A weak acid is an acid that, when dissolved in a solvent, does not completely donate its protons to the solvent and does not fully dissociate. It only partially reacts. It should be noted that all organic acids are weak acids. Weak acids have a lower dissociation constant and smaller Ka.
Types of Acids Exported from Iran
• Sulfuric acid
• Phosphoric acid
• Nitric acid
